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Study the review notes below:
In section 6.1, we read about how fighting broke out in New England even while Congress tried to make peace. The opening battles of the war showed that either side was not going to easily win.
PATRIOT--FAVORED WAR WITH THE BRITISH
Patriots
1. Washington's leadership was a great advantage.
2. Were fighting for their homes so they were determined!
3. Had skill with their individually owned weapons.
4. Had good knowledge of local geography.
LOYALIST--FAVORED A PEACEFUL SOLUTION TO THE CONFLICT WITH THE BRITISH.
Loyalists
1. Had well-trained troops.
2. Had one of the world's bests navy.
3. Unwillingness to fight far from home. Homesick.
4. Had more troops and supplies.
COLONISTS-- people who lived in the colonies.
THE COLONISTS WERE EVENLY DIVIDED
1/3 PATRIOTS,
1/3 LOYALISTS,
1/3 UNDECIDED.
In section 6.2 the pamphlet, "Common Sense", urged many colonists to demand independence.
Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence in July 1776,
this marked the Colonists final decision regarding their relationship with the British.
COMMON SENSE--A PAMPHLET THAT URGED THE COLONISTS TO REBEL
TRAITOR--A PERSON WHO BETRAYS HIS OR HER COUNTRY
The parts of the Declaration of Independence:
In section 6.3, we learned of the struggles of the Continental Army.
In the the beginning of the war in the northern states the Patriots had many wins, but in the middle states the Patriots kept losing! The Loyalists won NYC, Long Island, Germantown and Brandywine.
AFTER A SERIES OF DEFEATS, AN AMERICAN VICTORY AT SARATOGA MARKED A MAJOR TURNING POINT IN THE REVOLUTION. This victory convinced several European nations to aid us.
ALLIES = people or nations who work together to achieve a common goal.
One of our allies was Casimir Pulaski who trained our calvary.
CALVARY = troops on horseback
Washington's troops spent the winter at Valley Forge. The conditions were terrible and they lacked supplies such as food, clothing and medicine. A man from Connecticut wrote this in his diary at Valley Forge:
"I am sick--discontented--and out of humor. Poor food--hard lodging--cold weather--fatigue--nasty clothes--nasty cookery. . . a pox on my bad luck! There comes a bowl of beef soup, full of burnt leaves and dirt."
MERCENARIES = soldiers for hire
HESSIANS = German mercenaries at Valley Forge
In section 6.4, we learned about the role of women and African Americans in the Revolutionary war. We also learned about how the war was fought on the frontier and at sea.
Women helped out at home (doing everything the men did before the war) and at war helping the troops. Some even fought in battle. This made women feel more confident in their own skills and more willing to demand more rights and respect.
Betsy Ross is famous for sewing our flag. Mary Ludwig Hays, also known as Molly Pitcher, is famous for bringing the troops water and later serving in combat next to her husband. Deborah Sampson was famous for disguising herself as a man and joining the Continental Army.
Many African Americans fought in the Revolutionary War. Many brave free-blacks fought for the Patriots such as Peter Salem and Salem Poor who fought bravely at Bunker Hill. A large number enslaved blacks chose to fight for the Loyalists because British promised to freedom to them at the end of the war.
George Rogers Clark won us the wars on the western frontier. He fought against the Loyalist and also the Indian Nations that wanted to attack us. He won us the Ohio River Valley and the land to the west, the western frontier.
Captain John Paul Jones captured the powerful British warship Serapis. He was a great naval general...unless you are from Britain---then you consider him a pirate. ;)
Bernardo de Gálvez, the governor of Spanish Louisiana gave us supplies and protected the Mississippi River so that the British Navy could not travel up it and attack us. He also protected the Gulf of Mexico and forced the British out of western-Florida.
In section 6.5, we finally win the war after many brutal battles and violent raids.
Cornwallis disregards orders and retreats to Yorktown peninsula. We trapped Cornwallis and his troops on the peninsula at Yorktown with the help of French warships. This siege forced them to surrender and to lose both the battle of Yorktown and the entire Revolutionary war. Yorktown was the final battle of the war.
SIEGE = when an army surrounds and blockade an enemy position in an attempt to capture it.
BLOCKADE = shut down a port to keep supplies from coming in or out .
GUERRILLA = hit-and-run tactics used by the Continental Army in the South
Foreign help, Americans' growing patriotism, our military strategies and knowledge of local geography all contributed to our win.
Ratify = to approve
In 1783 Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris. The treaty recognized the United States of America as an independent nation.
Our nation extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. We returned Florida to Spain.